The use and management of water is once more a controversial subject among the different territories and social and politic groups involved. The debate has been re-stimulated again for the rapid reaction of the new socialistic Government, paralysing the application of the Plan Hidrológico Nacional (Spanish National Hydrologic Plan) stimulated by the Partido Popular and stopping, in consequence, the big works foreseen for the Ebro river diversion plan. This report tries to clarify the state of this question, key for the future of rural world, and to present some lines of performance and reflection that could help to propose lasting solutions in the management of the water resources.