In Africa the problem of water is pressing. It is estimated that in the continent there are about 300 millions of people suffering from water scarcity. The UNESCO and the Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory (IMET) have identified the integrated management of the water resources in Africa, particularly in the arid and semiarid zones, as a priority. Both institutions joined to prepare the Program of Water Resources for Africa, Arid and Semiarid Zones as part of their support to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations