Peatlands provide many important ecosystem, services, including water regulation, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration and storage. Because of the enormous size of the peat carbon pool, it´s high sensitivity for disturbance, the large emissions from a small land area (which continue long after conversion), and the virtual irreversibility of peat carbon losses, any futher degradation of the peatland resource, should be prevented. Peatland conservation, restoration and better management are low-hanging fruits for climate change mitigation and climate-smart agriculture (CSA)